Energy and Path-Aware-Reliable Routing in Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

In underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), energy awareness, best path selection, reliability, and scalability are among the key factors that decide information delivery to sea surface. Existing protocols usually do not combine such performance-affecting in routing. As a result, performance of deteriorates if multiple taken into account. To cope with deterioration, this article proposes two routing for UASNs: path-aware reliable (EPRR) cooperative EPRR (Co-EPRR). Compared counterpart systems, proposed have been designed deal problem long propagation delays achieve network reliability. The scheme uses nodes’ physical distance from surface its depth, which minimized delay packet transmission. channel interaction time has reduced, therefore, reducing unwanted effects on data. Furthermore, density nodes upper part prevents data loss limits rapid death nodes. second scheme, Co-EPRR, concept source destination paths. Co-EPRR routing, node can receive more than one copy packet. This reduces unfavorable during delivery. Both schemes show good terms ratio, received analysis, end-to-end delay.